Prevalence Of Intestinal Helminth Of Horses In Two Horse Troops Of Kaduna Metropolis

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Parasitic diseases are the major obstacle in the growth and development of animal health all over the world (Saeedet al., 2010; Mahfoozet al., 2008). Horses, among most domestic animals are reported to be more susceptible to large number of parasites and may harbour different species at any time (Wannas, et al., 2012).

An apparently healthy horse can harbour over one half million Gastrointestinal Intestinal Parasites (GIP) such as protozoa, trematodes, cestodes and nematodes (Martins et al., 2009; Stoltenow and Purdy, 2003). This is because, the gastrointestinal tract provides favourable environment for the survival and proliferation of many of these parasites (Egan et al., 2010).

Horses (Equusferuscaballus) are one of the two extant sub species of horse Equusferus (Goody, 2000).They evolve over 45-55 million years.Humans begin to domesticate horse around 4000 B C (Pavord, 2007).Horses and humans interact in a wide variety of sport competition and man competitive activities (Wright, 1999).

Intestinal parasites such as helminth usually produce insidious diseases in animals. Infected horse may show signs of weakness, emaciation, restlessness, unthriftiness, diarrhea, anemia and sometimes intestinal obstruction or perforation (Stoltenow and Purdy, 2003).

Due to the economic significance of GIP, several millions of Dollars are spent annually on the control of these parasites worldwide. Despite this huge investment, GIP still remain a major problem affecting the health and well being of horses in different parts of the world (Mbaforet al., 2012). To achieve successful control of GIP in horses, effort should be targeted at reducing environmental contamination which usually serves as a source of re-infection in addition to providing measures that could provide protection to the horse.

1.1 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

Parasitic helminth are one of the most common factors that constrain the health and working performance of horses worldwide (Mezgebuet al., 2013).The cause various degrees of damage depending on species and number at present, nutritional and immune status of equids.The decrease performance, production and productivity mainly in reduction of body weight or even increase mortality in severe case.

1.2 JUSTIFICATION

Studies conducted to detect association between poor management and animal diseases identified GIT parasites as one of the most important problems of equids in developing countries.

1.3 Aim

To study the prevalence of intestinal helminth of horses in two horse troops of Kaduna metropolis.

1.4 Objectives

To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal lhelminth of horses in the two horse troops.

To compare the prevalence of the gastrointestinal helminth between the two troops, while assessing associated potential risk factors to the prevalence.

1.5 HYPOTHESES

There is no prevalence of GIT helminth of horses in the two horse troops

There is no difference in prevalence and risk factors of the gastrointestinal helminth between the two troops

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